Propolis in Oral Healthcare by James Fearnley, Dr. Munir Ravalia & Dr Philip Wander Scientific An understanding of bee biology

An understanding of bee biology and biological mechanisms is used to describe three different methods for varroa control

This richly colour-illustrated book showcases a selection of plants which are not only attractive to pollinators

bees and associated subjects

involve many thousands of hours of study

Propolis in Oral Healthcare by James Fearnley, Dr. Munir Ravalia & Dr Philip Wander Scientific An understanding of bee biologyPropolis is effectively the bee colonies external immune defence mechanism. Honey bees collect resin from trees and plants and transform it in the hive adding wax to create propolis, an astonishingly versatile material which both provides structural support and a clinically sterile environment inside the hive. It has been used as a medicine by man since Egyptian times. Recent research indicates that bees know exactly what chemicals to collect to deal